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El Congo
Traducido por Gustavo Lorenzana
Llamada el Corazón de las Tinieblas por el novelista polaco Joseph Conrad, la región del Congo siempre ha evocado pensamientos sobre pigmeos, bestias míticas, horribles plagas y caníbales. Es una tierra famosa por las aventuras de Stanley y Livingstone, pero también es conocida por la violencia y brutalidad de su pasado, con los días de la esclavitud árabe, el comercio de marfil y su larga historia de guerras tribales y por la violencia y las masacres étnicas de su presente.
El Congo es el segundo río más grande del mundo en función de su volumen y contiene la segunda mayor extensión de bosque lluvioso del planeta (18% del total de bosque lluvioso remanente). La Cuenca del Congo representa el 70% de la cobertura vegetal del continente africano y contiene una porción importante de la biodiversidad de África, con más de 600 especies de árboles y 10 mil especies de animales. Seis países, Camerún, la República Centroafricana, la República del Congo, La República Democrática del Congo, Guinea Ecuatorial y Gabón, comparten la cuenca de 1.5 millones de millas cuadradas del Río Congo.
El Congo es uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados de la Tierra. La tala comercial, los desmontes para la agricultura de subsistencia y los amplios enfrentamientos armados entre civiles han devastado los bosques, desplazando a sus habitantes e incrementando el comercio de carne de especies silvestres. Desde la década de los 80s, África ha tenido las más altas tasas de deforestación a nivel mundial.
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